Corneal Ulcer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

If you suffer from red, painful eyes caused by a corneal ulcer, don't suffer in silence; get the help and treatment needed. Corneal ulcers are eye infection that affects the cornea, which can be an extremely uncomfortable experience if left untreated. This article will discuss what causes corneal ulcers, how to recognize their symptoms, and how they are treated so that anyone affected knows how to get better quickly.

What is a Corneal Ulcer?

Cornea covers the iris and pupil. A corneal ulcer is an open sore on the cornea, the transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the eye's front. It is usually caused by infection, trauma or other eye injuries. It is a painful condition that can lead to vision loss if left untreated. It is known as keratitis and has alternative names - Bacterial keratitis; Fungal keratitis; Acanthamoeba keratitis; Herpes simplex keratitis.

Causes of Corneal Ulcer

There are different causes of corneal ulcers, including:

• Trauma - Any physical trauma to the eye lead to corneal ulcers. Physical trauma could be an injury from a foreign object like dirt, dust, sand, or contact lenses. It could also result from rubbing your eyes too hard.

• Infection - Bacterial infections cause most corneal ulcers due to various routes, such as not washing your hands before touching your eyes. Viral infections, such as herpes simplex and varicella-zoster, and fungal infections can also cause corneal ulcers.

• Allergies - Allergic conjunctivitis (eye allergies) can cause inflammation and swelling of the eye, leading to an ulcer.

• Dry Eye Syndrome - Dry eye syndrome is when the eyes don't produce enough tears. The lack of lubrication causes the cornea to dry, leading to an ulcer.

Symptoms

Symptoms of corneal ulcers include:

• Blurry vision

• Red-eye or bloodshot eyes

• Eye pain or discomfort

• Sensitivity to light

• Tearing of the eyes

• Seeing floaters or spots in the vision

• Foreign body sensation

• Aching or burning sensation around the eye

• Excessive discharge from the eyes

Risk Factors

Certain factors increase the development of corneal ulcers.

• Contact lens wearers - if you wear contact lenses for extended periods without cleaning and disinfecting them, it can also increase your risk of developing a corneal ulcer.

• Eye surgery - having eye surgery or corneal procedures increases your risk of developing a corneal ulcer. It makes it easier for bacteria and other infectious agents to enter your eye.

• Age - older adults may also be more prone to developing corneal ulcers due to their decreased ability to fight off infection.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing corneal ulcers involves tests and procedures to determine the cause and severity of the infection. Tests may include a complete eye exam, corneal cultures or scrapings, slit-lamp exam, and fluorescein staining to identify any breaks in the protective epithelial layer that allow bacteria entry into the deeper layers of tissue.

Corneal Ulcer Treatments

Corneal ulcer treatments include home remedies, medication and surgery.

Medications

Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications (such as corticosteroid eye drops) help reduce inflammation, swelling, and pain. Lubricants (such as artificial tears) keep the eye moist; they are especially important for ulcers that have caused dryness or irritation. Pain relievers like ibuprofen can also help relieve discomfort associated with the ulcer.

Surgery

In some cases, surgery is required to treat a corneal ulcer. Surgery can involve removing the ulcer, repairing the damaged tissue and closing any ruptured area. Surgery may also treat infections resistant to medications or if vision is impaired due to permanent scarring. It includes corneal transplant surgery.

Home Remedies

Some home remedies may help reduce symptoms and promote healing. These include:

• Applying a cool compress to the area several times a day

• Wearing sunglasses or protective eyewear when outdoors

• Using lubricating artificial tears during the day

• Avoiding wearing contact lenses until the ulcer has completely healed

• Refraining from rubbing or putting pressure on the eye

• Taking any prescription medications as directed by an eye doctor

• Keeping the affected area clean and free of debris

Prevention

Prevention is the best approach for avoiding corneal ulcers. Here are some tips to prevent corneal ulcers from developing:

1. Wear protective eyewear when participating in contact sports and other activities that may present a risk of eye injury. It will protect your eyes from direct impact, flying debris, and foreign objects.

2. Keep your hands clean before touching your eyes or contact lenses. It will help reduce the risk of contamination from germs that could cause an infection.

3. Avoid wearing contact lenses for longer than recommended, and never sleep in them. If you wear contact lenses too long, they can irritate and lead to an infection.

4. Visit your eye care provider regularly to check for any irregularities or signs of infection. Early detection is key to preventing the development of a corneal ulcer.

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any symptoms mentioned above, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Your doctor will be able to diagnose the condition properly and prescribe the best treatment for your needs.

Conclusion

Corneal ulcers are serious and can lead to vision loss if left untreated. Prevention is best to avoid getting a corneal ulcer. Home remedies, medications, and surgery are all options for treating corneal ulcers. If you experience any symptoms of a corneal ulcer, contact your doctor immediately. Proper diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and restore vision to normal. It is important to immediately seek medical attention and follow your doctor's treatment plan.